WHIRLY2

WHIRLY proteins are multifunctional DNA/RNA-binding proteins (Prikryl et al. 2008, NAR 36: 5152-5165). WHIRLY1 was shown to be located both in chloroplasts and nucleus (Grabowski et al. 2008, Plant Physiology 147:1800-1804). In chloroplasts it is part of nucleoids (Pfalz et al. 2006, Plant Cell 18:176-197; Melonek et al. 2010, Planta 232:471-481). In the nucleus, WHIRLY1 is an acitivator of pathogen response genes (Desveaux et al. 2000, Plant Cell 12:1477-1489). WHIRLY2 is a mitochondrial protein and affects DNA copy number (Cai et al. 2015, Plant Physiology 169:660-673).