γ-Mangostin

A xanthone with diverse biological activities: scavenges DPPH radicals in vitro (IC50 = 23.6 μM); is cytotoxic to HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, SW480, and BEAS-2B cells in vitro (IC50s = 7.39, 6.57, 10.07, 5.33, 8.4, and 7.43 μM, respectively); inhibits LPS-induced expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α in human macrophages; macrophage-conditioned media from macrophages pre-incubated with γ-mangostin (30 μM) prior to stimulation with LPS has a reduced ability to induce inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes; inhibits carbon tetrachloride-induced increases in serum levels of AST and ALT and decreases in hepatic SOD2 activity and GSH content in a mouse model of liver fibrosis